Understanding Color Science for Digital Design

A comprehensive guide to modern color spaces and accessibility standards.

Why Color Science Matters

Traditional RGB and HSL color spaces don't match human color perception. Modern color spaces like LAB and OKLCH provide perceptually uniform color selection, meaning equal numerical changes result in equal perceived color differences.

LAB Color Space Explained

CIELAB (LAB) Color Space

L* = Lightness (0-100)
a* = Green-Red axis (-128 to +127)
b* = Blue-Yellow axis (-128 to +127)

Benefits:

OKLCH Color Space Explained

OKLCH (Oklch) Color Space

L = Lightness (0-1)
C = Chroma/Saturation (0-0.4+)
H = Hue (0-360°)

Benefits:

WCAG Color Accessibility

Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG)

AA Standard: 4.5:1 contrast ratio for normal text
AAA Standard: 7:1 contrast ratio for enhanced accessibility

Large Text: 3:1 ratio (AA) or 4.5:1 (AAA)

Why It Matters:

Delta-E Color Difference

Measuring Perceived Color Differences

Delta-E 2000 measures perceptual color differences:

Color Space Comparison

Traditional (RGB/HSL)

Modern (LAB/OKLCH)

Professional Color Workflows

Modern color workflows use LAB/OKLCH for:

Getting Started with ColorBench

ColorBench provides professional-grade color tools including LAB color picker, OKLCH color picker, WCAG compliance checking, and AI color consultation.

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